Consider the presentation of the two main characters Essay Example for Free

Consider the unveiling of the two main characters EssayConsider the presentation of the two main characters. What are Austin and Trevor telling us about the pressure on women in the past and present?Jane Austin wrote The Three Sisters in the 19th century. Jane Austin lived in a mercenary world, and she reflects this in her novels. No secret is made of the need to marry for money. Jane Austin believed that for marriage to work, people must(prenominal) have the same interests.The Three Sisters is about a woman called Mary. She has been proposed to by Mr Watts. He is older than her but she decides to marry him for his wealth and money. She also wants to get married sooner any of her sisters and the Duttons. However she fears her life will be miserable if she chooses to accept Mr Watts proposal.William Trevor wrote Teresas Wedding around the 1970s. William Trevor was born into a protestant family and brought up in a Catholic society. When troubles started to break out in Norther n Ireland, William Trevor moved to England but he frequently visited Ireland.Teresas Wedding is also about marriage. The story starts gain at the party after the wedding. Teresa has also married for convenience because she is pregnant.Both stories deal with loveless marriages and in both stories the women have little control everywhere their lives. They are both under pressure to marry men they do not love.In Teresas Wedding marriage is seen as a means of bring out from a grim community, a place of loneliness and frustration. In The Three Sisters marriage is seen as the only possible fulfilment for a woman.Mary is the kickoff of the sisters. She has had her first offer of marriage, but she doesnt know how to value it. She wants to be the first to be married, she does not want to marry Mr Watts but she wants to get married before Georgiana and Sophy. She knows that if she turns down the offer, Mr Watts shall ask either one of the sisters, and following the traditional convention s of the time she is expected to marry before her younger sisters. Mary appears to be very disoriented one moment she saysI shall have him and the nextI hate him more than anything else in the worldAustin writes about her own class, the upper halfway class, and is very critical about their lifestyles and social behaviour, creating very amusing characters and describing them with crony. She makes a mockery of their snobbish behaviour. She describes Mary as a childish and self-centred girl, who likes to bodge and often makes herself look ridiculous in front of others.Teresa is a woman who has just married to a man called Artie Cornish. Teresa had a round, clean face and black, pretty hair, and was a month and a half pregnant. Teresa is a kind and friendly girl. She is calm, even though she is faced with the situation of admitting to Artie, her husband, on her wedding day that she had been in the field with his friend Screw Doyle.She shows maturity in her optimism about her future, believing that she and Artie might make some kind of marriage togetherTrevor uses third individual narrative in his story, everything is described in detail, we almost feel part of the festivities. However, he does not write about the characters thoughts and feelings.Austins story is written in first person narrative, in letter form. This helps us to understand the characters fully.In the two stories the women receive pressure from the society they live in. Teresa also receives pressure from the local priest Father Hogan, who shows very little feelings for her when she confesses that she does not love Artie under the circumstances that line of talk is irrelevantMary receives pressure also from her mother who is rigid not to let this opportunity escape of settling one my daughters so advantageouslyI think it is a lot easier to get married in modern society because we have no restrictions in who we choose to marry. We also do not have our parents choose who we marry, so there is no warrant for marrying some one who you do not love.

Significance of Manned Missions to Mars Essay Example for Free

Significance of Manned Missions to impair EssayAfter Apollo 11 succeeded in the first work mission to land on the Moon in 1969, peoples interests were gradually leaving the Moon and went on to Mars, which is the most similar planet to Earth in the solar system. In such a current of public opinion, the U. S. and other countries necessitate been trying to send human beings to Mars. However, today, there is a debate as to whether we should continue do efforts to send mankind to Mars, or not. Some people say that it is not worth the expense and risk to make a man flight to Mars.On the other hand, others think it is still important to continue making those attempts not for a material purpose, but for pursuing romance of space travel. Opponents of a work mission to Mars claim that it costs too much to keep making attempts, and if we did not have to spend such money on those missions, we could subjoin health-care, education, and some other budgets. It is true. However, what is appearing for us in such a future as we will get at the sacrifice of dream or romance?What is necessary for people of today is not material wealth which we can get by cutting the budget of missions to Mars but amiable wealth which we can cultivate by pursuing romance or dreaming of it. Opponents as well as maintain that we should quit trying to make those impractical attempts and wait until the technology is established because we cannot send mankind to Mars with the current technology. However, this argument is off the point because it is not important whether those attempts are impractical or not at the present moment.Necessity always makes technology develop. By practically continuing making efforts to send mankind to Mars, we can develop the technology which is essential to make it possible. In order to get something, we have to do something. Just waiting for something doesnt help. The other arguments advanced by opponents is that we will not have any beneficial results excep t mental satisfaction such as dream or romance even if we can make a manned flight to Mars. However, of course, there are several beneficial things we will get from the success of missions to Mars.At first, understanding Mars helps us to understand more closely our planet Earth because of the similarity between these two planets. We may be able to know how to protect the environment on Earth by analyze how Mars died. Additionally, space engineering is one of the latest frontiers of science. We will be able to apply the technology we will have developed in this study to several other fields. Accordingly, missions to Mars have a benefit not only for people who are interested in Mars but also for people who are not.Certainly, it may not be easy to continue making efforts to send mankind to Mars, and it costs a lot. Nonetheless, things we get by missions to Mars are more than things we lose by it as mentioned above. By pursuing romance of space travel, we make dream which seems impos sible to be achieved come true, and piece we enjoy technology and knowledge we get from missions to Mars, we can avoid losing mental wealth at the same time. We should continue trying to make a manned flight to Mars.

Hiring Manager Essay Example for Free

Hiring Manager EssayI have recently found through your online advertisement that your caller-up is in need of an administrative support specialist to fill the position of clerical support staff. I am confident that upon your review of my credentials you lead find that I am a perfect match for the job.I have five (5) years of extensive experience in administrative posts in a variety of professional environments. I have working knowledge of all general office procedures. I am fluent in umteen languages and exceptionally competent in office related computer softw be. Details of my qualifications can be found on the attached resume. Professional and personal references are available upon request. I hope to hear from you soon. Thank you.

Womens Rights Are Human Rights Speech Analysis Philosophy Essay

Womens Rights Are Human Rights Speech Analysis Philosophy demonstrateOn 5 September 1995, Hillary Clinton, former first Lady of the United States, was invited by the Women Health Security Colloquium, which was sponsored by the World Health Organization, to attend the 4th U.N. World Conference on Women in Beijing, China. As the Honorary Chairperson of the United States delegation to the conference, she gave the speech, Womens Rights Are Human Rights in the first few days during a special Plenary Session. In the speech, she utilized several persuasive techniques, also kn avow as propaganda, grasping peoples attention in hallow to happen upon stand for the claim of the womens rights she was devoted to. Propaganda is usually a speech device that people intently use to induce or intensify others actions and attitudes with some deluded languages. Since propaganda is deliberate, it is oftentimes looked down as an evil and offensive tool. However, sometimes it can only when be used for an act of persuasion or a personal perspective. concord to Cross, propaganda is an important tool and seen in everywhere surrounding our lives. It needs to be correctly analyzed and respected and it can actually work toward good causes as well as bad (p.526). -For example, by intentionally incorporating propaganda into her speech, much(prenominal) as appealing to peoples emotions, distracting peoples attention, and somewhat misleading people, Hillary Clinton strengthened her persuasive power for womens rights and successfully beamed her pith all over the world.Some propaganda techniques employ pathos, the act of appealing to peoples emotions. For example, plain-folks appeal, a device where a speaker tries to win our confidence and support by visual aspect to be a person like ourselves, is a type of propaganda. Clintons speech displays this technique when she says, We come together in fields and in factories. In settlement markets and supermarkets. In living rooms and board rooms. Her words suggest that she is one of those everyday people in fields, factories, markets, living rooms, and board rooms. Clinton further expands this idea by saying, We share a common future. This statement suggests that because we share the same future, we are on the same level. She is telling her audience that we should listen to her points because she is one of us, and thus has corresponding goals and interests to us. We are effectively led to believe that we should trust her so that we can overcome our shared struggles to achieve those shared goals and that shared future. Through plain-folks appeal, she turns her audience into trust comrades-in-arms.She then employs the bandwagon technique in a similar manner. When she says, That is why every woman, every man, every child, every family, and every nation on our planet has a stake in the discussion that takes place here, she is again promoting that idea of oneness, which is the sharing of both struggles and goals. In the bandwagon technique, however, the goal is to pressure people to believe what everyone else believes and to conform, thus existence faithful to the conference. There is a call to action. Clinton is telling the audience to jump on the bandwagon, because if one of them does not, that is the equivalent of turning away from your fellows.In the speech, she further strengthens the credibility of her argument by appealing to other emotions, such as pity and fear. Appealing to pity is achieved by attempting to win the audiences sympathy by giving examples of genuinely pitiable situations, in order to convince us of the conclusion or solution she will propose. One sees this technique in the statement As an American, I motive to speak up for women in my own country women who are raising children on the minimum wage, women who cant afford health care or child care, women whose lives are threatened by violence, including violence in their own homes. In that sentence, she in effect not only manages to tug on the audiences heartstrings, however also to subtly declare herself as the honorary representative of these poor souls then she becomes the voice of the voice slight and oppressed.At the same time, it is also hard not to notice how Clinton makes the use of appeal to fear, a persuasion technique that implicitly threatens the audience and like the previous examples of pathos-based argument, uses emotions rather than reasons to persuade. Clinton displays this technique in her speech by saying, As long as discrimination and inequities remain so commonplace round the world as long as girls and women are valued less, provide less, fed last, overworked, underpaid, not schooled and subjected to violence in and out of their homes the potential of the piece family to create a peaceful, prosperous world will not be realized. Here, she is fundamentally saying that people feel pity for those disenfranchised individuals she gives as an example, but if we continue to do noth ing, their situations will deteriorate further and worst of all, such situations whitethorn affect them as well, in their own family and in their own home.Of course, the point of stirring her audience to such extents is to pursue a specific ideal, sometimes as yet a certain agenda. In the speech, however, she does not specify what exact action she wants her audience to take, and yet the call to action is almost palpable. Clinton achieves this by distracting her audiences attention. In particular, she uses transfer-glory by association in this case-a propaganda technique wherein the speaker attempts to transfer our good feelings about one thing, towards their viewpoints. She makes her audience aware that her goal is the improvement of womens lives, What we are learning around the world is that if women are healthy and educated, their families will flourish. If women are free from violence, their families will flourish. If women have a chance to work and earn as full and adjoin part ners in society, their families will flourish. However, as we can see, she is careful not to exclude anyone from appreciating her viewpoints. In fact, she suggests that by joining her cause, people would actually be helping themselves. Clinton raze broadens the scope of these purported benefits when she says, And when families flourish, communities and nations will flourish. Thus, by helping women, we are actually helping the entire world.It is an altruistic enough message in all respects. To cement such a message, however, we will notice that the speech is also littered with attempts to mislead the audience as well. For example, when she states, Women are the special caretakers for most of the worlds children and elderly, she is making a hasty generalization in fact. As Cooper shown, A hasty generalization is a conclusion based on a sample that is too littler or in some other way unrepresentative of the larger population. (p.152) Such a statement supports her overall argument a nd it might also be true in certain cases however, she misleads her audience by stating it as a fact without stating a basis that men can also be the primary caretakers for children and seniors.Clintons use of another technique in her speech, stroking (Argumentum ad populum), gains my admiration. First, she presents an opposing view to her points when she states, There are some who wonder whether the lives of women and girls matter to economic and governmental progress around the globe. By suggesting that some people think it is not necessary to care about womens rights simply just because they think women are less useful in the field of economy and politics, she raises indignation. However, it is misleading in that it creates an opponent, an unspecified they, that may or may not exist. Thus, the argument becomes whether what they said is true or not, and not the possibility that no one truly said those instigating statements. Clinton then assures the indignant audience that there are many women who are just as successful as men in professions with high emolument in fact, stating Let them look at the women gathered here and at Huairou the homemakers, nurses, teachers, lawyers, policymakers, and women who run their own businesses. She manages to present both argument and counterargument without specifying who the enemy is supposed to be and uses stroking that makes us feel we as women are very important to the society.Another technique that Clinton uses to mislead her audience to cement her message is card-stacking. Card-stacking is the technique which tells us the fact that is true but still not the entirely true in order to prevent us from being aware of some other important facts. For example, Clinton employs this technique when she states, If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that human rights are womens rights and womens rights are human rights, once and for all. While it is true that womens rights are a part of huma n rights, human rights are not specific to just all women, they encompass the rights of both genders. Here, Clinton uses the card-stacking to mislead us, in order to perk up the importance of womens rights. Near the end, she uses card-stacking again when she says, Families rely on mothers and wives for emotional support and care families rely on women for labor in the home and increasingly, families rely on women for income needed to raise healthy children and care for other relatives. Considering the very assorted memberships, values, and situations of any set of real families, this generalization is not necessarily true thus, she subtly misleads her audience again.Throughout the history, propaganda is often used by government or politics or advertiser to affect peoples attitude and consequently alter peoples decisions to become the follower of the point of the political party or become the consumer of the political party involuntarily. However, the intention of Clintons speech i s completely different. It does not have to damage an oppositions credit as in some candidates speech, and neither induces people to purchase something actually spare in their lives as in some ads. It is about delivering a great message for her audience regarding the significance of public women welfare. Propaganda can be used in good manners as well as bad manners. By promoting the propaganda in the positive way, Clinton successfully increased my perception of the importance of womens rights and made me want to follow her idea as long as she dedicates for this claim.

Debates on Elephant Culling

Debates on Elephant pick offingIvy TerryThe Controversy of Elephant nibbleingPress and media bemuse pushed the vagary that elephant populations argon threatened, diminished by habitat loss, hunt down and a variety of other reasons. In the 1930s habitat loss and heavy ivory poaching had decreased South Africas elephant population from 3-5 million to around 500,000 (Harmse, Riana). Since thusly, through protection, laws and regulations the elephant population in South Africa has increased dramatically, to the point of overabundance. Due to the recent prosperity in the elephant population, measures to control their ecology is crucial to the health and well creation of the ecosystem, neighboring species, and the pr purgetion of elephant-human conflict. In South Africas Kruger National green, in particular, this wildlife guidance is a necessity in keeping a successfully thriving park. There have been many ways Kruger has pursued in solving the elephant population issue. Including birth control in females, birth control in males, relocation and the establishment of corridors, but the most popular in past stratums has been culling (Harmse, Riana). Culling is a controversial subject when it comes to man get on withment because it entails physically killing elephants in a population to reduce its size. So controversial in fact that it was outlawed in Kruger in 1995 but then recently reintroduced back as a oversight method, in smaller scale (Harmse, Riana).Kruger today has around 13,050 elephants and this population is growing exponentially (Role of Bull Elephant). With privation of predators and an abundance of artificial and natural watering holes, as well as other natural resources, there is no controlling the rate of population emersion of these wights (Harmse, Riana). This growth is an imminent problem for the park as well as its surrounding areas. First of all, elephants move in herds, this means they have a authentic effect on landscape and tree cove r in the environment. These herds are in like manner constantly moving, covering and destroying vase amounts of land per day (Role of Bull Elephant). Kruger is 7,523 square miles, though this seems large, it is not enough space to support such a population of large mammals (Harmse, Riana). This issue of space contributes to greater and more frequent human-elephant conflict as well as the destruction of park boundary fences and more frequent crop raids (Role of Bull Elephant). There have been many other suggested and time-tested methods of elephant population control in Kruger but none have been proven to be as effective as annual culls. Contraceptives in male or female elephants prove to be expensive, invasive, time consuming and not always successful. Relocation resulted in elephants coming back through the park boundary as well as being massively expensive and dangerous for both parties. Finally, the introduction of corridors from park to park has shown to be too expensive and t here is manifestly no land available to dedicate to this sort of expansion (Harmse, Riana). It is out of the ashes of these other methods of management that culling was reintroduced to Kruger. Currently 500 to 600 elephants are killed in Kruger each year in order to keep the population as close to 13,000 as possible (Elephants To Cull or Not to Cull That Is the Question). After these elephants are killed they are immediately removed and interpreted to processing locations to which all parts of the animal are used meat for food, bones for jewelry and tools, organs for medicine and checkup research etc. (Harmse, Riana).Though culling is the most widely used form of elephant population management used in Kruger today it is also the most contested. severally year 950, 000 people visit Kruger and these visitors account for millions of dollars worth of income for the park annually (Harmse, Riana). Obviously any detriment to this tourism would be to the disadvantage of the park and elep hant culling, even if hidden from the public, has proven to cause a drop in visitors (Harmse, Riana). Culling in the park is not only affecting tourism but the well being of the elephants as well. Elephants are one of the most sensitive mammals on the planet and one could only imagine the psychological damage that occurs to young after a culling. Typically, hunters go in and wipe out the elders of the herd, leaving the young (Harmse, Riana). This terribly disrupts the age structure of the population by removing the experience necessary to raise the elephant young. This has been cognise to cause said young to grow up as rogue elephants, removing themselves from the herd, wreaking havoc on the park and neighboring areas (Elephants To Cull or Not to Cull That Is the Question). These elephants have to be killed due to them posing such a significant threat to humans. Apart from being sensitive, elephants are intelligent creatures. They have been know to communicate from herd to herd by using low frequency grunts very similar to how whales communicate. Therefore, if elephants are culled in one area others know close to it, this aggravates them and they can get very frightened, leading to panic and further damage to the environment and danger to humans (Elephants To Cull or Not to Cull That Is the Question). some other major concern with culling in elephant populations is the fact that professional hunters are not always used. This is a considerable issue. These kills needs to be clean and fast, injured elephants are very dangerous, and their cries cause more stress to the remaining herd and can provoke permanent psychological damage on the young. Quick removal of the bodies is also very important due to the fact that remaining elephants often will go back to see their dead companions and this puts even more stress on the animal (Elephants To Cull or Not to Cull That Is the Question). Finally, elephants have a keen sense of smell. So much so that they can smell el ephants that have been in distress, blood on the ground, and other signs of death. Elephants are warded off by these smells and will no longer range in areas where a cull has taken place, even years after the event. This can pose problems if the area had been a migratory route for the herd. The elephants would have to take alternate routes to avoid the area, potentially legal transfer them into contact with farms and villages as well as the possibility of them never finding their traditional feeding grounds, leading to starvation (Elephants To Cull or Not to Cull That Is the Question).The culling of elephants as a management approach in Kruger National Park is a widely debated topic. Personally I believe that the culling of elephants in Kruger or in any other location should be outlawed. I am not necessarily against culling all together but with such a sensitive animal as the elephant it is not appropriate. There are other circumstances in which culling may prove useful and not be of such detriment to the species. Authoritize in the United Kingdom, for example, have recently started regulated culling of hem ins. The massive local badger population has been thought to spread tuberculosis to neighboring cow herds. In response, two major culls have taken place, these culls have proven to lower the tuberculosis in herds without having any detriment to the age structure, mental health or the badger populations overall well being (Second Year of Badger Culling Begins). For this reason it is of the utmost importance that before any sort of culling occurs a thorough analysis of family structure, age structure, mental health and behaviors is looked into on an species to species basis. From there, other strategies can be weighed based on population size and situation. Culling is a viable option for population management but on a situational basis and in terms of the elephant it is inappropriate.Work CitedElephant Population Management. Kruger Park News. N.p., n.d. We b. 13 Nov.2014.Elephants To Cull or Not to Cull That Is the Question. Kruger Park Times. N.p.,n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.Harmse, Riana. Elephant Population Management In Kruger. Olifants Reserve,Kruger National Park, Limpopo, South Africa. Aug. 2014. Lecture.Role of Bull Elephant. Elephant Culling. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.Second Year of Badger Culling Begins. BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.

Market and Company Analysis of Nestle

Market and Company Analysis of hold tightNestl, the human races leading food union, produces nutritious food and is conscious of the im wayance of intercommunicate the consumer about the link between nutrition and health. A healthy diet contri thoes signifi disregardtly to the overall quality of a good life.2.2 nestle gold coast LTD** pedigree Please REPHRASE and COMBINE this section its eventn WORD BY WORD from the available source.Source 1 Marketing Information and Research job 1and 3.pdfSource 2 nuzzle Pure Life Drinkng Water.pdf nestle gold coast trammel is a private company operating in gold coast. Its activities include condensed and evaporated dairy farm products, beverages, coffee, tea, and chocolate and confectionary. The company employs four hundred and seventy two work forces. go up started cable in gold coast in 1957 under the trading spend a penny of Nestle products Ghana limited with the importation of nestle products such as milk and chocolate. In 1968, i t was incorporated as provender Specialties (Ghana) limited to manufacture and food trade locally well known Nestle specks. The company became nestle Ghana limited in 1987. In 1971 the return of two products, rarified Milk and milo started at the factory in Tema, the port city. The factory has since been further developed and now also produces carnation milk, Chocomilo, Chocolim, Cerelac, Cerevita and Nescafe 3 in 1. These products ar not precisely produced for Ghana but also exported across West Africa. In 2003, Nestle Ghana limited locateed in a new warehouse named the Central statistical dispersion Centre, located next to the factory in Tema. The company runs sales offices with warehouse in Kumasi, Takoradi, Koforidua and tamale, all in Ghana. The business activity of Nestle Ghana limited is a charge contribution to the economy of Ghana. For all these and other endeavours, nestle Ghana limited has been recognized by the Government of Ghana and other bodies as a respo nsible corporate citizen.-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=Nestl Ghana Limited started business in Ghana in 1957, with the importation of Nestl products such as milk and chocolates. The company built its factory at Tema in 1971 and started the production of IDEAL Milk and MILO. In 1987 Food Specialties Ghana Limited became Nestl Ghana Limited. Since then, the product portfolio has profitd with the additional production of CARNATION, CARNATION TEA CREAMER, CHOCOLIM, CHOCOMILO, CERELAC (Maize, Wheat, Wheat Bean, 3 Fruits, H atomic number 53y, Rice and Banana), NESCAF Crem 3 in 1 and NESQUIK, which is produced for import. Other products like NESCAF and MAGGI are imported from Cte dIviore. Nestl Ghana Limited continues to thrive in business because great importance is placed on jimmy creation for our s load downholders and customers. Ensuring long term profitable growth and sustain expertness has been achieved by building on the companys strengths and balancing the portfolio on t hree (3) sound pillars milk, cocoa beverage, and culinary. As a member of the Central and West Africa region (CWAR), Nestl Ghana aims to be an efficient and competitive inter-company supplier using and contributing to CWAR synergies by becoming a sound manufacturing base for Ghanaian exports like cocoa beverage aiming to increase Nestl Ghana exports from tenpercent (10%) to thirty percent (30%) of annual turnover. To achieve this, Nestl Ghana is diligently improving processes through capacity usage and working chapiter optimization, such as the introduction of environmentally friendly equipment, and upgrading information systems, with the introduction of GLOBE (SAP). The advent of these changes enhances and enforces Nestl Ghanas determination develop Nestl employees.=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=In 2003, Nestl Ghana Ltd invested in a new warehouse, the Central Distribution centre, located next to the factory in Tema. The company also runs sales offices with warehouses in Kumasi, Takora di, Koforidua and Tamale. The business activity of Nestl Ghana Ltd is a direct contribution to the Ghanaian economy. For all these and other endeavours, Nestl Ghana Ltd has been recognized by Government and other bodies as a responsible citizen.Since its establishment, Nestle Ghana limited has signifi groundworktly stimulated the Ghanaian economy with a dynamic, well trained dedicated work force, manufacturing and commercialiseing well-known brands such asIdeal Full Cream Evaporated Milk, Carnation Fil direct Milk, Carnation Tea Creamer, milo maize, Chocolim, Chocomilo Cerevita porridge, Cerelac Maize Milk And Cereal Wheat / Milk. Nestle Ghana also imports and distributes brands such as NIDO milk powder, lactogen infant formula, NAN infant formula, Nescafe soluble Coffee, and Maggi Bouillons and cold sauces.Nestle Ghana Ltd. is now seeking to capitalize on the goodwill enjoyed by it brand chocolim, by introducing chocoless, a brand extension, aimed at generating growth for the com pany.ANALYSISIndustry AnalysisIndustry of burnt umber in GhanaCocoa beans were first introduced to Ghana in 1878 by Tettah Quarshie. Thereafter, the cultivation of cocoa increased steadily until Ghana became the worlds largest cocoa producer, supplying more than one-third of world production by the mid-1960s. By the early 1980s, production was less than half that of two decades before market conditions were aggravated by a drop of nearly 75% in world cocoa prices between 1977 and 1982. In 1983/84, cocoa production totaled 158,000 tons, the lowest since independence by 1999, production had rebounded to about 409,000 tons (second highest after Cte dIvoire). The Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board purchases and (at least in theory) exports the entire cocoa crop, as well as coffee and shea nuts. Cocoa smuggling was make punishable by death in 1982.http//www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Ghana-AGRICULTURE.htmlixzz1DlAhbER2Since the introduction of democracy in Ghana in 1992, the cocoa beverage industry has shown considerable growth. Total cast of players is estimated around five. Difficulties in discovering this number arise due to increasing of imported product by unauthorized company. The advent of a democratic government has led to a more business friendly environment and privatization policies have led to an increase in the size of the private welkin in the country.Leading Businesses in the IndustryCocoa beverage industry in Ghana is highly fragmented, with the presence of multinationals, domestic and foreign companies. Except in categories where domestic players are saved by legislation, multinationals usually dominate. Notable players include Cadbury (Ghana), Cocoa touch Company (CPC) and NABB Brothers. It is common for large international companies to form alliances with Ghanaian companies, to repackage and/or market their products in Ghana. This lowers the risk of market entry, as well as enabling the international company to benefit from the existing marketi ng and distribution capabilities of the Ghanaian company.Factors That Affect festeringEconomically, Ghana was in the lower tier of developing countries and classified as a least developed country (LCD) by international development agencies because its per capita annual income was US$400 textbook.A positive out run across is forecast for consumer goods in Ghana. One of the main contributory factors will be the countrys political and economic stability. higher(prenominal) disposable incomes and increasing company advertising are expected to boost value growth. The average Ghanaian will spend more on case food, especially on items previously regarded as luxuries. Value growth will also benefit from the increasing sophistication of Ghanaian consumers and improving product quality. Food items that are fast and convenient, such as pasta and noodles, will continue to post dynamic value growth.The sector faces many challenges caused by the environment in Ghana such as poor infrastructure , poor standards of education, and high levels of corruption and a generally low level of disposable income of the population. There is little manufacturing for export, but a significant activity exists in the manufacture of fast moving consumer goods aimed at the domestic market. In recent years, multinational corporations have increased their investment in physical plants, information technology and staff training with a view to improving their operational performance.The consumer goods sector is a major part of the manufacturing sector in Ghana. And like all other manufacturers, the consumer goods industry is characterized by low valued added production. What we see are processors who process imported raw materials into finished products, with genuinely little value added. Multinational companies operating in this industry hardly add value because they import concentrates from their parent companies, which they convert into finished products with minimal value added.The industr y is dominated by wholesalers and distributors. In fact, distributors and wholesalers account for over 50% of total sales within the industry. Their dominance is as a result of fragmentation nature at the retail end of the market. The retail end lacked adequate supermarket and glossary stores. They mainly comprise of roadside kiosks, stores, and small sized restaurants, whose sales volumes are generally low. Distribution to the retail market is hampered by huge investments required for delivery trucks general bad road network.Marketing Strategy-What types of marketing strategies are prevalent within the industry?-Determine current operational/management trend within the industry?Neslte Creating Shared Value (Source Nestl Creating SharedValue Report 2009.pdf)care about the micklewater treatmentWater treatmentBecause good water quality in the areas surrounding our plants has direct benefits for our business, society and the environment all our water is enured in wastewater treatmen t plants. Our preference is to use municipal wastewater plants to ensure we return only cleaned water back into the environment, but where these are insufficient, we invest in our own on-site facilities (approximately 292 to date, including our latest in Tema, Ghana). We remove 97% of the organic load of the water leaving our factories before it is returned to the environment. In 2009, we discharged 91.34 billion m3 of water, a decrease of more than 5% on 2008, with an average level of organic load of 91 mg COD/l (Chemical Oxygen gather up per litre). During 2009, we have reviewed this KPI and have determined that figures for previous years were underreported.Competitor AnalysisNestle Ghana was facing a direct competition and indirect competition. Their direct competitors are Cadburry Schweppes Ghana Ltd, NABB Brothers, Cocoa Processing Company, in allied Cocoa Products Ltd and Kings Cocoa Processing Company Ltd (KCPCL). All those competitors are construct and marketed cocoa pro ducts. Cadburry and NABB Brothers are multinational companies which have wide experience in international marketing. The rest are local companies which plant cocoa and manufactured cocoa products for Ghanaian.Multinational companies which enter Ghana earlier than Nestle is Cadburry Schweppes Ghana Ltd entered Ghana on 1910 for its own benefit. It was 100% owned by Cadburry Schweppes (UK) with 120 employees. NABB brothers is imported cocoa products to Ghana, in that location are the leading distributor of supermarket products.The earliest local company which produced cocoas product is Cocoa Processing Company Limited established in 1965 and situated in the picturesque port city of Tema in Ghana. The company comprises three factories (2 Cocoa Factories and a Confectionery Factory). Kings Cocoa Processing Company Limited is a limited liability company incorporated in Ghana on November 30, 1981. The shares of the company are publicly traded on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Allied Cocoa Pro ducts Ltd was destiny Ghana since 1998. Kings Cocoa Processing Company Limited is a private limited liability company which was incorporated in 2000 to take over the cocoa processing business of the parent company, Luki Investments Limited, which has been trading since 1992.Furthermore, Nestle Ghana was facing indirect competition as well. In Ghana, milo maize and Chocolim were marketed for cocoa products by Nestle. They have to compete with other products which are not cocoa products because Ghana also planted tea, coffee and else and can be manufactured into variety products. Cocoa might be elect by children and teenagers but not elders.Competition by ProductCocoa is the largest cash crops in Ghana since 19th century. However, the earliest local company serving cocoa products for citizen is Cocoa Processing Products in 1965. Cadburry Schweppes entered Ghana on 1910 composition Nestle started in Ghana on 1957. This time frame show us that even though Ghana have plant cocoas for a long time but they only manage to produce it on 1965 because they are classified as a least developing country (LDC). Their products are chocolate drink and Golden direct chocolate bars.The Cocoa beverage market is separate into three categories based on the product The Premium Segment, portion Market and Institutional Market. Nestle had a strong market in Premium and Mass Market segment. The Institutional Market is for products that contain basic unsweetened cocoa powder supplied to school, hospitals, the armed forces, and so on. Nestle pulverized cocoa drink consisted ofMilo and Chocolim. The major brand Nestle which manufactured Milo was the leader in the pension category, while state owned Cocoa Processing Company manufactured Golden Tree Vitaco was the strongest in the Institutional Company.As we can se here, all of the companies were marketed cocoas products. Bournvita and Richoco which manufactured by Cadburry Schweppes Ghana Ltd, imported Ovaltine which marketed by NAB B Brothers, Golden Tree Vitaco Instant Drinking Chocolate which made by Cocoa Processing Company, Broma which made by Allied Cocoa Products Ltd and Kings Cocoa Processing Company Ltd (KCPCL). All those competitors are manufactured and marketed cocoa products.Competition by PriceGhana has a long history of government-controlled prices for consumer goods and battalion were quiet sensitive to price changes and were say to have long-term negative perceptions of companies that were comprehend to engage in price gouging. These happened because Ghana was in the lower tier of developing countries and classified as a least developed country (LDC) by international development agencies because its per capita annual income was US$400. Nestle (Ghana) needs to develop products that are low-cost to the common people because they are dealing with a developing country which has a low per capita income of US$400. Nestle perceived better quality products were sold at premium of 5% to 10% over compe titors. The products were becoming less low-cost with waning real incomes. There was also increasing price pressure from imports that were flooding the market as a result of import liberalization.People in developing countries look for affordable products and do not pay attention to the eminence of the products thereby Nestle (Ghana) should not have its products above the average price of corresponding products in the market. Thus, Nestle (Ghana) should make its products more affordable to the common people. The disadvantage for Nestle (Ghana) is the external economic environment was increasingly hostile and risky with the rapid increases in inflations high worry rates and the high level of currency derangement were leading them to increase the prices.Competition by PromotionNestle also operated its own sales outlet and largely distributed through supermarkets and departments. Nestle had 100 unfaltering distributors nationwide and the biggest distributor was Unilever s G.B. Olliv ant subsidiary. Nestle used an amalgamation of media advertising and sales furtherances targeted at the youth for Milo. The company sponsored highly popular youth association football leagues, sponsored tennis tournaments and marathon race for all ages. Sales promotion technique of wet sampling (free drinks) was intended at promoting the sales. Media advertising promoted the constitutions of good health, growing up, and triumph as closely related and linked to drinking Milo. Nestle s strategy in Ghana was to ensure high awareness of its brands, widespread distribution and quality of its products which helped trounce its competitors in the cocoa beverage market.The statistics shows that only 35.8% of the population of Ghana lives in urban areas, the rest 64.2% of the population lives in rural areas where there are low levels of consumer durable ownership such as telephone, television, house, radio and low circulation of print media. Such setbacks in rural areas mean that mass pro motion was viable primarily in the urban areas. The main drawback is that companies have to use large investment in promotion of product into the rural areas to exploit 64.2% of the population. As an alternative of spending 150 million cedis (about US$150,800) on sales promotions in urban areas on non media promotion of 60% and 40% covered media expenditure, Nestle can utilize the investment to aggressively promote the product in rural areas. It will help Nestle (Ghana) to venture into the majority of the population and take control of the market from both sides.Competition by Market shareNestle pulverized cocoa drink consisted of Milo and Chocolim. The two products were quite similar with sixty percent of the company s powdered sales from Milo and forty percent from Chocolim. Chocolim was aimed at rural areas and low-end urban market while Milo was the premier brand and was targeted to the high-end of the market.Nestle brands were sold at premiums of 5% to 10% over competitors beca use if its perceived better quality in the market. The Cocoa beverage market was divided into three segments Premium Segment, Mass Market and Institutional Market. Nestle managers estimated their share of 80% in the cocoa beverage market other observers believed Nestle share was closer to 55%.Major competitors for Nestle were Bournvita and Richoco, manufactured by Cadbury (Ghana) with an estimated 20% to 40% market share. Cadbury (Ghana) was 100% owned by Cadbury Schweppes (U.K) and had 120 employees. another(prenominal) entrant, though on a much smaller scale, was state-owned Cocoa Processing Company (CPC) which made Golden Tree Vitaco Instant Drinking Chocolate. In the institutional market CPC was the strongest market. An additional category of competition came from imports, the most prominent of which was Ovaltine, marketed by NABB Brothers, a leading distributor of supermarket products. Milo was the leader in the premium category, while Golden Tree was the strongest in the Insti tutional Market. Richoco was believed to lead Chocolim by about 5% to 10% market share in the mass market.http//www.goldentreeghana.com/thecompany.htmlhttp//www.alibaba.com/member/lumor/aboutus.htmlhttp//www.scn.org/rdi/kw-coc.htmhttp//business.everythinghana.com/index.php? excerption=com_mtreetask=viewlinklink_id=48Itemid=26http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bean-to-bar_chocolate_manufacturershttp//alliedcocoa.com/index.aspDefinition of Population growth rate The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants introduction and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring coun tries.SWOT AnalysisStrengthsGlobal food producer, located in over 100 countries. Consistently one of the worlds largest producers of food products, Global sales in 2008 topped $101 billion.Nestl provides quality brands and products and line extensions that are well-known, top-selling brands.Successful due in part to their unquestionable ability to keep major brands consistently in the forefront of consumers minds (and in their shopping carts) by renovating existing product lines, keeping major brands from slipping into saturation/ defy and having superior access to distribution channels.WeaknessesGrowth in their organic food sales division was flat in 2008, even though the industry grew 8.9%.Nestle Ghana lack of rural market promotionProducts are not affordable by common peopleOpportunitiesIn todays health conscious societies, they can introduce more health-based products, and because they are a market leader, they would likely be more successful.Provide allergen free food items, su ch as gluten free and goober free.They launched a new premium line of higher cocoa content chocolates dubbed Nestl Treasures Gold, in order to cash in on the recession economy in which consumers cut back on luxury goods, but regularly indulge in candy and chocolate.Opened Nestl Cafs in major cities to feature Nestl products.Nestle strategy in Ghana was to ensure high awareness of its brands, widespread distribution and quality of its products which helps trounce its competitors in the cocoa beverage market with its theme of good health, growing up and success as closely related to its products.Expand to Institutional MarketNestle (Ghana) needs to develop products that are affordable to the common people because they are dealing with a developing country which has a low per capita income of US$400.ThreatsAny contamination of the food supply, especially e-coli. nude chocolate ingredient prices are soaring dairy costs alone rose 50% in 2008, this cuts heavily into their profit margins and often gets passed on to consumers, by shrinking the packaging in a way that is almost unnoticeable-therefore the consumer is paying the same prices for less product.They have major competitors, like Cadburry Schweppes Ghana Ltd, NABB Brothers, Cocoa Processing Company, Allied Cocoa Products Ltd and Kings Cocoa Processing Company Ltd (KCPCL)The external economic environment was increasingly hostile and risky with the rapid increases in inflations high interest rates and the high level of currency instability were leading them to increase the prices.RECOMMENDATIONSWe would suggest Nestl (Ghana) should make products affordable to the common people. By developing Nestl (Ghana) products that are affordable to the common they can reach majority of the population because they are dealing with a developing country which has a low per capita income of US$400. Nestls perceived better quality products can help it market in rural areas if the product is affordable. It will help Nestl (Ghana ) also exploit 64.2% of the rural population and take control of market from both the sides. It will also help Nestl expand into new market segments like the Institutional Marketing. People in developing countries look for affordable products and dont pay attention to the eminence of the products thereby Nestl (Ghana) should not have its products above the average price of similar products in the market. Nestl (Ghana) can make maximal profits from a developing country like Ghana and exploit to every side of the population, urban and rural.

Culture and Technology: A Symbiotic Relationship :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Culture and Technology A Symbiotic Relationship Throughout human history the fundamental driving force roll in the hay any change culturally or technologically is the human goal. The innate human ability for abstract thought has make us able to befuddle a plan for our own future. Originally our foresight directly pertained to our own survival, making our way to the next meal, and perpetually intertwined with our interaction with and relationship to our own environment. The financial backing environments that we experience include the places where we live, those that we visit, and anything else that constitutes what we may see or do. Therefore our relationship to the environment which we experience is very location-dependant in terms of resources and environmental factors. For example, nomadic large number who live in the desert lead drastically disparate lives to those who live in the rainforest or those who live in cities. In this way umpteen different human cultures developed all over earth, and have had varying effects on the development of culture and engineering science. I believe that these different cultures provided different goals for each society that motivated technological innovations at different time and for different reasons. As we all, no doubt, see everyday the advent of technology has greatly affected our living environment. Twenty years ago hardly any whiz had heard of the internet, and now its a worldwide information superhighway. People have made their lives revolve solely around the internet fortunes have been won and lost on the computer industry. But there are countless other examples of how technology has molded and changed cultures, and so I also believe that technology and culture have a symbiotic relationship they feed off of and grow from one another similar to what we have dubbed a feedback loop in our class discussions. There are many examples where cultural needs drive technological change, and beatify innovation. In many cases the most fundamental need of any human culture is the need to know what happens after we die, or the need to answer questions round things that happen outside of our control. Humans have used religion to help allay some of their fears of the unknown, and to help to explain why things are the way they are. godliness is sort of like loveits difficult to define, yet everyone thinks he or she knows what it means. Religious or spiritual belief is clearly both a product and a critical part of most human natures.